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S06 / TOPOGRAPHY MAPPING · DEM GENERATION & RTK SURVEY

Topography Mapping

Sub-5cm digital elevation models with RTK-corrected GNSS — bringing inaccessible terrain to the geologist's desk as navigable, measurable, drawable 3D models.

Sub-5cm DEMRTK GNSSInaccessible TerrainCut/Fill Volumetrics
TECHNICAL OVERVIEW

Bring the Mountain to the Desk

Topographic surveys of the Kingdom's most mineral-rich terrain often require weeks of foot access — assuming the terrain is walkable at all. Air Solutions replaces that effort with autonomous aerial photogrammetry: a centimeter-precise 3D reconstruction the geologist navigates, measures, and digitizes from the office.

At each waypoint the drone captures five photographs at different angles with 80% frontal and 70% lateral overlap. Photogrammetry software identifies common points across hundreds of frames and reconstructs both surface relief and texture — producing a 3D model accurate to within centimeters of ground truth.

Deliverables open in CloudCompare, ArcGIS, and QGIS — the geologist's existing toolset. No drone training, no photogrammetry expertise required. The terrain becomes a navigable artifact: zoom into a rock face, measure a fault offset, draw a lithological contact line, all from a workstation.

SYSTEM SPECIFICATIONS
Sensor45MP global-shutter sensor
PositioningRTK-PPK GNSS ±2 cm
Frontal Overlap80%
Lateral Overlap70%
Flight Altitude60–120m AGL
GSD (typical)1.5–3 cm/px
DEM Vertical Accuracy≤5 cm RMS
Daily CoverageUp to 25 km²
ProcessingPhotogrammetry pipeline
ACQUISITION WORKFLOW · 5 STAGES

From Brief to Drawable Map in 24–33 Days

STAGE 01

Planning

Client provides geolocated boundary, target precision, and area-of-interest. Flight plan generated and airspace coordination completed.

STAGE 02

Image Acquisition

Autonomous flight along pre-calculated grid. Five photos per waypoint at multi-angle capture, 80%/70% overlap maintained throughout.

STAGE 03

Image Processing

Photogrammetry pipeline: photo alignment, dense point cloud, mesh generation, orthomosaic, DTM extraction. Several days of compute.

STAGE 04

QA / QC

Ground control point verification, vertical accuracy check against RTK measurements, gap-filling and tile reconciliation.

STAGE 05

Delivery

OBJ/FBX 3D model, GeoTIFF orthomosaic, LAS/LAZ point cloud, GeoTIFF DTM — handed off in formats native to ArcGIS, QGIS, CloudCompare.

REFERENCE PROGRAM · 11A CONCESSIONS

Coverage of Type 3 Inaccessible Terrain

100 km² of mountainous terrain mapped per month — fully drawable from the geologist's office.